7. Training
7.01 GIS Training, Agenda and Course Documentation
7.01.02
Test
7.02 Training Matrix
7.03 Tutorials on Some GIS Operations
7.03.01 Georeferencing Tutorial
- Introduction
Georeferencing is the first step when making analogue data digital. After Georeferencing, digitizing procedures follow so that the features of the analogue map also will be digital.
In this tutorial you will georeference an analogue Geohazard map over Laurel. Thus, the output of this tutorial is a georeferenced map that can be used for further digitizing. However, the objective of this tutorial is only to introduce you to the steps of Georeferencing. Therefore, the exercise won’t include more than Georeferencing.
Getting started
1. Open ArcMap, select a new empty map. You will now save the map file. Select File > Save as… from the menu bar. Browse to the folder C:\CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\ and type ‘Georeferencing_v1.mxd’. Click Save/OK.
2. Add the image file, GeohazardmapLaurel.jpg to ArcMap. . Click on the add data button 
and browse to C:\CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\03_EN\ and select the file. Click OK. (The image is added to the workspace, see below.)
3. In the menu bar select View > Toolbar > Georeferencing to get the Georeferencing tool bar. The Georeferencing tool bar will appear on your screen. (See image below.) You can drag and drop the tool bar to a suitable place within the ArcMap window.
- Identification of control points
First thing is to identify the quality of possible control points (at least four). The best thing is if your source data contains a grid with coordinates. Then you should use grid intersections as control points. If the source data doesn’t include a grid then you can choose road intersections, buildings and other obvious landmarks as control points. They have to be identifiable in other reference data (your digital datasets) because you will get the coordinates from this data.
In our image GeohazardmapLaurel.jpg we have a grid that we will use to select control points (see image below).
Image with four (4) control points
- We will use the grid intersections 1-4 in the picture above as Control points. You find the Xmap and YMap values as LAT and LONG in degrees and minutes sign to the map grid lines at the left and at the top of the map In this case the geographic coordinates are in degree-minute-second (DMS) format and we have to convert them to decimal degrees, see table below with the coordinates for the four control points. (120°30’30’’ is computed as follows: 120+(30/60)+(30/3600) = 120.5083333).
Table with our control points’ coordinates
Adding Control points
4. Click on the Add control points button in the Georeferencing tool bar (see image below).
5. Zoom extensively into control point number 1 (upper left point, refer to the image with our control points above). Place the cursor as accurately as possible on the point (see example below). Click the left mouse button once.
6. Move the cursor a short distance in any direction, then right-click. You see a line between a green point and a red point and a menu with two alternatives appear where the cursor is. Select Input X and Y… The Enter Coordinates window will appear, see below.
step6
7. Enter the coordinates for the first control point (refer to table above). Then click OK.
8. Repeat step 4-7 for the three remaining control points.
9. Now you will verify that you entered the correct coordinates. To do this, click on the view link table button on the Georeferencing toolbar (see image below).
10. The Link Table window appears (see image below). Verify that you entered the correct coordinates. If you have made a mistake it’s easy to correct the coordinates by clicking in the coordinate columns (X Map or Y Map). You can also delete a control point by selecting the appropriate row in the Link Table window and pressing either Delete key on your keyboard or the Delete button, see second image below. If you do so, you have to repeat step 5-7 for the point that you’ve deleted.
11. Check the Total RMS Error, which is found right above the OK button in the Link Table window. If this value is much higher than --- you have done something wrong with one or more control points. The point(s) with a high value in the Residuals column must be deleted and then re-added following step 4-7 again. If the Total RMS Error is acceptable click on OK to close the link table.
- In the steps above you encountered a green and a red point when adding each control point. The green point (the one placed on the control point) is referred to as the ‘source’. The red point (placed on a small distance away) is referred to as the ‘target’. In our example this is somewhat theoretical, since we don’t have to bother about the position of the red target point. This is due to the fact that we already have the real-world coordinates to the control points. In step 7 we provided ArcMap with these coordinates.
However, in other georeferncing cases we might not have a grid with coordinates. In such cases we’ll have other control points that consist of (for example) road intersections and buildings. If so, we first need to place the cursor in the same way as above, as precise as possible, on the control point. Then, we need to place the cursor (that is targeting the red point, also as precise as possible) on the corresponding road intersection/building in our reference data (which we in such cases would have added to ArcMap).
These are two examples on how we assign real-world coordinates to our control points. ArcMap will now calculate a formula to transform the image so that it fits the best possible to the chosen (target) coordinate system. The final transformation is known as rectification.
Rectification
12. Select Georeferencing > Rectify… (see image below).
13. The Save As window appears. Don’t change any of the default settings (if they are set as in the picture below). Click Save to start the rectification.
14. Select Georeferencing > Update Display to view your results. The Georeferencing procedure is now finished.
- This exercise is now finished. An example of what you could proceed to do now is to digitize the different geohazards into different layers, and thus extend your CLUP digital dataset. For the sake of Laurel, this has already been done. Unless you don’t want to rehearse your digitizing skills, you certainly don’t have to carry on with this.
7.03.02 How To Create Shapefiles
- In this exercise we will create a new shapefile from scratch. This new shapefile will be joined with attribute data in tutorial 7.03.03
Getting started
- Start ArcMap. A window with three alternatives appears. (See image below.) Choose A new empty map. Click OK.
- Start ArcCatalog by clicking on the ArcCatalog button
in the toolbar. The ArcCatalog window appears.
- Navigate to the C:\CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\01_SE\ folder in the catalog tree.
Creating New Shapefile
- From the ArcCatalog menu bar, select File > New > Shapefile… (see image below).
- The Create New Shapefile window appears (see image below). In the Name field type ‘SE20_SchCap08’. Choose Point in the Feature Type dropdown list .
- Click Edit to define the shapefile’s coordinate system. The Properties for Spatial Reference window opens.
- Click Select. The Browse for Coordinate System window appears. Navigate to the Geographic Coordinate System/Asia/ folder. Select Luzon 1911.prj, click Add. Back in the Properties for Spatial Reference window, click Apply, then OK.
When the Properties for Spatial Reference window first opened, three alternatives were given: Select; Import; New. A smooth way to set the coordinate systems is to use the Import alternative. You will browse to an already existing shape-file and copy its spatial properties to the new shapefile. In the best case scenario a CLUP dataset collection will only consist of dataset in the same coordinate system and the Import alternative will be very easy. In other cases you must of course be aware of and choose a shapefile with the correct spatial settings.
- Click OK. The new shapefile is created.
Adding Field to the Shapefile
- We will later join attribute data to this shapefile. In order to prepare for this we need to create an index column – or field - that corresponds to the template found in Chapter 5. Right-click on the shapefile in the catalog tree, then select Properties. The Shapefile Properties window appears.
- Go to the Fields tab, see image below. Click on an empty row in the Field Name column and type ‘SCH_ID’ as the name of the new field. Select Long Integer from the Data Type drop list. In the Length field under Field Properties type 10. Now click Apply and then OK.
You are done with this exercise.
7.03.03 Create Attribute Table in Excel and Join in the GIS Software
In this exercise we will build up an attribute table for a planning subject and make necessary arrangements so the data can be linked to the features of the subject on the map in the GIS software.
ARRANGING THE DATA
Keywords: Excel, dBASE
Software: Excel, ArcGIS 8/9.x
Preconditions: Folder directories for the CLUP has been created previously; see 3.04.02 Data Preparation for more information. The data to be encoded has been gathered from the field. Spatial layers needed have been prepared beforehand.
The building up of the attribute data will be done in Excel.
The ‘Instructions’ sheet in Quick Look gives you information what to consider at data gathering and where to find the templates you need for the specific table.
From these instructions this table IS01 is defined as a Key table meaning that all LGU’s should prepare it for analysis purposes in the CLUP. However, some of the columns (“A”) might have a light yellow colored background (meaning the data is “Optional”) as opposed to the light green colored columns (it is a “Required” data). In the example below which describes segments in a road network, the data for ‘width’ (of the road) column may not be required if it is very hard to get. Each column has corresponding codes (“B”) for the Field Names.
The data to be encoded for the respective road segment is (hopefully) prepared by the caretaker of the municipal road management (the Engineering Department). He/she is the custodian of the attribute data and in this case he/she has managed to get the data. On the other hand, if in case the road has no individual name, that column is blank. So the populated dataset to start from will look something like this:
The data to be encoded for the respective road segment is (hopefully) prepared by the caretaker of the municipal road management (the Engineering Department). He/she is the custodian of the attribute data and in this case he/she has managed to get the data. On the other hand, if in case the road has no individual name, that column is blank. So the populated dataset to start from will look something like this:
For example, you can see that the road segment with ID 101 is a municipal road, has a gravel surface and is in a poor condition.
The next step is to convert the file to dBase format. Unfortunately dBase is an old MS Dos format which means that the dataset must be very ‘clean and appropriate’ to be used.
In the example below the data has been encoded already digitally so there is an opportunity to start from that. If the data is still in a paper format, it is recommended to use the GIS Table to encode the data and save it in dBase format. (How to will be explained later).
Highlight and copy the cells that should be found in the dBase file:
Open a new Excel file and paste in cell A1. Save the file with a filename in the specific CLUP GIS folder as recommended in the Quick Look.
Before saving the file in dBase format, some pointers are needed to be remembered:
The field name of each column must be in a single cell dBase format. Highlight the column head and do procedures A, B and C to format the field name:
Only one sheet is allowed in dBase. Remove sheet 2 by right clicking on the flip and choosing delete. Do the same procedure with sheet 3:
Highlight the cells with the information, then from the File menu select Save As…, navigate to the CLUP directory, (1) locate the specific sector you are working on and into the GIS folder. (2) In the Save as type select dBase4 format and (3) type the name of the file preferably the same as the Excel file:
Click Save:
A Dialogue box will appear, informing you to save only the active sheet.
Click OK:
Another Dialogue box will appear asking if you want to keep the workbook in its existing format.
Click exit (1) and Yes (2)
A Dialog box will appear asking if you want to save changes you made to the file.
Click YES.
Again the Dialog box informing you that the only one to be saved is the active sheet will appear.
Click OK again.
Then a another Dialog box informing you that the file may contain features that are not compatible with DBF 4 (dBASE IV) and asking if you want to keep the workbook in that format.
Just click YES.
Please remember to have Excel closed when you work with ArcView.
If you want to revise a .dbf file you should close ArcView before you open Excel.
Now it is time to join the attribute data with the shape file you have made for the road:
Open ArcView and open the project you were working on before. Right click on the road layer and select ‘Join…’:
- ‘Id’ was the column head or field name where you encoded the unique IDs for the road segments.
- ‘IS01_RdYr’ is the name of the dBase table you have prepared that contains the attribute information of the road segments.
- ‘RD_ID’ is the field name of the column where the unique ID has been encoded.
- Click OK
Let’s see how the table looks like by opening the Attribute Table.
The columns from the dbf table have been integrated into the road segment table:
To make it easier to read we need to hide some columns and give proper alias. Right click on the file name and select ‘Properties…’:
Select Field. Select name by name (A), un tic if it should not be visible (B), if it will be kept visible type an alias in the box (C) and click OK (D):
7.03.04 Buffering Tutorial
Introduction
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7.03.05 Tutorial on Creating Population Density Map
1. Open the file BI04.xls located at C:\CLUP_TRAINING_DATA\00_BI\02_Demography\Tables\.
Notice the three tabs located at the bottom of your worksheet. They are:
- Be sure that GIStable tab is selected when we open the file. (See above image)
Your worksheet heading should look similar to the image below.
2. Next, open the file BrgyPop.xls located at C:\CLUP_TRAINING_DATA\00_BI\02_Demography\Tables\.
3. From this worksheet, highlight the data entries of field BRGY_ID, which is Barangay ID. Click Edit from the menu and then select Copy from dropdown menu.
(See image below)
4. Switch back to workbook BI04 by clicking the button, located at the bottom of your worksheet.
(See adjacent image)
5. Be sure to place the cursor in the second row of column B_ID, as shown in the image. Click Edit from the menu bar, then select Paste or press Enter.
6. Repeat Steps 3 and 4 to copy and paste the data entries of the following:
- BRGY NAME - B_NM
TOTAL POPULATION - B_POP_00
NO. OF HOUSEHOLDS - B_NO_HH
DENSITY - B_POPDEN
In the case of the field DENSITY in worksheet BrgyPop.xls, wherein the values are generated by formula, perform the following tasks otherwise it will display a different value in the target worksheet.
6.1 From worksheet BrgyPop.xls, highlight the data entries of field DENSITY. Click Edit from the menu then select Copy from dropdown menu.
(See image below)
6.2 Repeat Step 4. Place the cursor in the second row of column B_POPDEN, as shown in the image, then right click. Select Paste Special… from dropdown menu.
6.3 A Paste Special window will appear. Select the radio button of “Values”. Then, click OK button.
7. When you are done, save it to dbf format by highlighting the worksheet, as shown in the image. Click File from the menu then select Save As…
8. From Save As window, browse to the folder in Save in: list menu where you want to place the file, then type appropriate filename in the File name: list menu.
(e.g. BrgyPop_Dense) Select DBF 4 (dBASE IV) in the Save as type: list menu. (See image below)
- Click Save button. Then click OK and Yes respectively for the next two alert boxes that will appear.
9. Exit Excel.
10. Open ArcMap. A pop up window with three options will appear. They are:
- A new empty map
A template
An existing map
By default, A new empty map is selected. Click OK.
11. Select File from the menu, then choose Save As. . . from drop down menu.
12. From Save As window, click the Save in: list menu to browse to the folder where you want to place the file. Type appropriate file name (e.g. BrgyPop_Density) in File name: list menu. Then select ArcMap Documents in the Save as type: list menu.
- Click Save button.
13. Next, click File from the menu bar, then select Add Data in dropdown menu to add the layer bndbgy_pgon located at C:\Training\PopDensity\Shapefiles.
- Or click the icon Add Data in the toolbars menu. (See image below)
14. From Add Data window, click Look in: list menu then browse to the folder where the file is located. Click the layer to select, then click Add button to add the layer in your workspace.
15. In the Table of Contents, click to highlight the layer. Right click and select Label Features.
- Then, click to highlight the same layer. This time select Convert Labels to Annotation…
16. In Convert Labels to Annotation window, just select In the map option.
- Click Convert button.
17. Repeat Steps 13 & 14 to add a dbf file (BrgyPop_Dense.dbf) in the Table of Contents located in C:\Training\PopDensity\Tables.
18. In Table of Contents, click the dbf file to select, then right click. Choose Open in the pop up menu to open the table in Arcmap.
(See image)
19. Repeat step 18 to open the attribute table of the layer file (bndbgy_pgon). This time select Open Attribute Table in pop up menu, as shown in the image,
By comparing the two tables, they have an identical column in terms of data entries which are unique to both of them. They are BRGY_ID and B_ID fields respectively which are Barangay ID. (See image below)
20. Close both the tables. In the Table of Contents, click the bndbgy_pgon to select. Right click and select Joins and Relates then Join. . . respectively.
21. A Join Data window appears. Select Join attributes from a table in the first list menu. For the other numbered list menus (1-3), select the ff:
- 1. BRGY_ID
2. BrgyPop_Dense
3. B_ID
Click OK.
You will notice that nothing happens after you click the OK button. But when you open the attribute table of the layer, you see a lot of strangely named columns which is difficult to interpret due to the joining process.
22. The next step is to rename the layer. In the Table of Contents, click the layer to select, then right click. Choose Properties in the dropdown menu.
23. In Layer Properties window, select General tab. Type to rename the layer
(e.g. Population Density By Barangay) under Layer Name: box, as shown in the image below.
Don’t click Apply or OK yet!
24. In the same window, select Fields tab. You will now choose which fields will be visible and assign a proper alias to them, and which fields should be hidden, by simply clicking the checked box to uncheck it.
- To assign a proper alias to the field, simply click once over the field to select. Then, type to rename it (e.g. Barangay ID). (Refer to image below)
The following fields that should be selected and assigned proper alias are:
- bndbgy_pgon.BRGY_ID - Barangay ID
bndbgy_pgon.NAME - Barangay Name
BrgyPop_Dense.B_POP_00 - Population
BrgyPop_Dense.B_NO_HH - No. of Households
BrgyPop_Dense.B_POPDEN - Population Density
- Click Apply, then OK.
After cleaning and improving the joined table, the result should like this:
25. Close or minimize the attribute table.
The next step is to change the symbol of the layer “Population Density By Barangay” for a better presentation.
26. Right click the layer in the Table of Contents, then select Properties in dropdown menu.
27. From Layer Properties window, select Symbology tab. Then, do the following selection as shown in the image below:
- a. Select Graduated colors under “Quantities”
b. Choose Population Density from the list under “Value:”
c. Choose 3 from the list under “Classes:”
d. Click Classify button.
7.3.5 Step 27
28. A Classification window will appear. Click to mark a check under “Show Mean”.
Notice the dashed gray line that will appear which is the “Mean”. Click OK.
(Refer to image below)
29. Finally, click Apply and OK button when the Layer Properties window appears.
[listIf your workspace looks similar to the image below, you have done it successfully.
Congratulations!
Don’t forget to save your effort.
7.04 CLUP Basemap Template Tutorial
Disclaimer
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Introduction
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| 1 | Getting started |
| 1.1 | Open ArcMap. A popup window with three options will appear (see image below). The options are: A new empty map A template An existing map
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| 1.2 | Choose A template. Then click OK. |
| 1.3 | Browse and select Basemap_Template(A3).mxt, then click Add, see image below. The file is found in the folder \CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\00_BI)\ .
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| 1.4 | The template will now appear in your workspace. Check what will happen by changing from Layout View to Data View. You can do this either by selecting View > Data View from the menu bar or by using the Data View  or Layout View  buttons, found at the bottom. During this tutorial you will be working in the Layout View when not otherwise noted. Change back to the Layout View. |
| 2 | Adding Data |
| 2.1 | Click on the add data button and browse for and select the following base map features: barangay_bndry (barangay boundaries) municipal_bndry (municipal boundaries) Lake Roads Rivers These shapefiles are found in this folder: CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\00_BI)\. Click on Add. Now the map will appear as in the image below:
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| 3 | Saving a Map Document |
| 3.1 | In the menu bar, select File > Save As… Browse to CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA/ . Name the file basemap_v1 and make sure that the file type is ArcMap Documents. Click on Save. Don’t forget to save your progress now and then throughout the exercise. |
| 4 | Applying Symbology and Changing Names to Layers |
It’s a very good idea that already in this step assign proper symbology to the layers that will constitute the base map. In our case, we won’t use any land cover features (e.g. land use). Due to this, there’s a risk that the map becomes too black-and-white and dull. By assigning a light color to the municipal_bndry, the areas belonging to the municipality will clearly be visible and separated from those belonging to adjacent municipalities. | |
| 4.1 | In the table of Content, right-click on the municipal_bndry layer then select Properties. The Layer Properties window appears. |
| 4.2 | Go to the General tab. Rename municipal_bndry to ‘Municipal Boundary’. Click Apply. |
| 4.3 | Now go to the Symbology tab. Click on ---- and the Symbol Selector window appears. |
| 4.4 | Refer to the image below. In the Symbol Selector window, click on the small arrow next to Fill Color. A list box containing some colors appears (to the right in the image below). Select No Color (found at the top in the list box).
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| 4.5 | Now, still in the Symbol Selector window, click Properties. The Symbol Property Editor window appears. |
| 4.6 | Set the Outline width to 1.00. Now click Outline. |
| 4.7 | Select the Boundary, City symbol in the left of the window. (If you don’t find it, click More Symbols and select the ESRI library). Choose a dark-grey color. Click OK, then OK again. |
| 4.8 | Now, open the Layer Properties window for the Roads layer. Go to the Symbology tab. |
| 4.9 | Refer to the image below. In the Layer Properties window, click on Categories to the left and select Unique values . Select RD_CL From the Value Field list menu. Click Add All Values .
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| 4.10 | You can still refer to the image (now above). Uncheck the box in the symbol column for |
| 4.11 | Still in the Symbology tab of the Layer Properties window, double-click on the colored line (the actual symbol) in the symbol column in the municipal row. The Symbol Selector window opens. Select the Major Road symbol. Click OK. |
| 4.12 | Repeat step 4.11 on provincial road and select the Highway symbol. |
| 4.13 | Place the provincial road on top of the municipal road by using the arrows at the right in the Layer Properties window. Click OK. |
| 4.14 | The last thing is to assign to the symbology Barangay Layer. To do this, open the Layer Properties window for the Barangays_bndry layer. (First go to the General tab to rename the layer to ‘Barangays’.) Then go to the Symbology tab. |
| 4.15 | Follow same procedure in steps 4.4 to 4.6 but this time choose Boundary, Military Installation when selecting the outline symbol for the Barangay Boundary in step 4.6. |
| 4.16 | Click Apply and OK. As you can see the Municipal boundary is not seen very well. In the list of content, arrange the layers in the following order by dragging and dropping the layers: Municipal boundary, Roads, Rivers, Lake and Barangays. |
| 5 | Setting Data Frame Properties |
Keep in mind that a printed map must have a logical and even scale (e.g. 1:10,000; 1:25,000; 1:50,000; 1:100,000), that is a scale that makes sense and is easy to use for calculation of real-world distances. When using any template you should find such a scale that will make the map features fill the data frame as much as possible. | |
| 5.1 | Set the map scale to 1:50,000 by using the map scale selector tool, found in the toolbar. |
| 5.2 | Right-click on the Data Frame in the table of content (a top of all layers) and select Properties. The Data Frame Properties window will appear. This window contains several tags. Go to the Data Frame tab, see image below. |
| 5.3 | Select Fixed scale and verify that this is 1:50,000. Click Apply then OK. Note that the map scale selector tool and the “normal” zooming tools in the toolbar now have been disabled. Instead, you will be served by the Layout toolbar zooming tools, see image below. (If the Layout toolbar hasn’t appeared on your workspace, get it by clicking View > Toolbars > Layout. You can drag and drop it to a suitable place in the workspace.) |
| 5.4 | Use the Pan tool in the normal toolbar ( ) to move the map to its best position in the data frame.The Layout Pan tool (  ) will move the whole template. The map should now look something like this:
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| 6 | Adding and Changing Text |
| 6.1 | Use the Select Elements tool ( ). Click on the text string that reads ‘MUNICIPALITY OF’. It should now appear in a box. This means that the text is selected. Either double-click or right-click and choose Properties. The Properties window will appear, see image below.
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| 6.2 | Make sure that you are in the Text tab. Type ‘MUNICIPALITY OF LERUAL’, then click Apply. |
As you can see in the Properties Window, there are two tabs, Text and Size and Position. There are here a lot of text properties that can be adjusted to your personal preferences. Feel free to do that. Only a reminder! One advantage with using a template is that different maps get a similar layout. If you change a lot of properties, you better also save a new template file so that your other maps can have the same appearance. | |
| 6.3 | Repeat step 6 and 7 to change the appropriate text into ‘PROVINCE OF CANTANGAS’ and ‘Region IV C'. |
| 6.4 | Go to the menu bar. Select Insert > Text. A text box appears in the data frame. Type ‘BASE MAP’, then drag it with the mouse and place it below the text stating “Legend” (we will remove this later). Make it bigger by opening the Properties window for this text. Click Change Symbol… in the Text tab and choose text size 24. Click OK then OK again. The result should be something like below:
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| 7 | Inserting map elements |
In the Insert menu you have some options to insert different map elements. (See image below.) In this exercise we will insert a scale bar, a north arrow and a legend. All elements are easy to drag and drop wherever you want to place them in the map. It is also possible to resize and reform them by selecting a corner of an element and dragging it. Also, you can use the Properties window for each element to change it according to your preferences.
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| 8 | Inserting Scale Bar |
| 8.1 | Select Insert > Scale Bar. The Scale Bar Selector window appears. See image below. |
| 8.2 | Choose one of the scale bar types (for example scale line 1). |
| 8.3 | Click on Properties. The Scale Line Properties window opens. Here you can choose and try to find what properties could be assigned for a nice-looking scale bar.
You will get a nice scale bar in the right information column of the template by using the settings below. |
| 8.4 | Go to the Scale and Unit tab. Select the following settings (also refer to the image below): Scale: Number of divisions: 3 Number of subdivisions: 2 When resizing: Adjust division value. Units: Division Units: Kilometers Label Position: below bar When you’re done with this click Apply.
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| 8.5 | Go to the Numbers and Marks tab. Select the following settings in both the Numbers and the Marks section in the window (also refer to image below):
Frequency: divisions and first subdivisions.
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| 8.6 | Drag the scale bar to a position similar to the one in the image below. Resize it so that you will have the marks on 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 kilometers. You can go back and change settings by right-clicking on the scale bar and selecting Properties. |
| 9 | Inserting North Arrow |
| 9.1 | From the menu bar, select Insert > North Arrow… The North Arrow Selector window opens. Select one type and feel free to change some properties. Click OK. |
| 9.2 | Drag the north arrow and place it in a similar position as shown in the image below. You can also resize it to your preferences. |
| 10 | Inserting Legend |
You have probably already observed that a legend (together with scale text) has automatically been rendered by our template. This legend can be edited by clicking on the respective text box and dragging and dropping. You will in this step also try the alternative way to create a legend from scratch using the legend wizard. At the end of step 10 you can decide which legend you want to keep and thus delete the other one. | |
| 10.1 | Now you will insert a legend. First make sure that the layers are named in a comprehensible way. (You should already have done this in step 4 above) |
| 10.2 | Select Insert > Legend… The Legend wizard appears (see image below). |
| 10.3 | As default all the Map Layers (left) are automatically added to the Legend Items (right). Since we have decided to show each barangay with a separate color, we need to remove Barangays from Legend Items. Select Barangays and click on <. Sort the legend items in the following order by using the arrows (up/down) at the right: Municipal boundary, Roads, Rivers, Lake. Click Next. |
| 10.4 | In this step of the wizard you can change some text properties. Size 16 and font Arial will work fine. Click Next. |
| 10.5 | In this step of the wizard you can edit the legend frame properties. No legend frame is however necessary. Click Next. |
| 10.6 | In this step of the wizard you can edit the legend items properties. The Patch fields refer to the size of the symbol (point, line or polygon). Click Next. |
| 10.7 | In this last step of the wizard you can edit spacing in the legend. You can choose to change the settings or use the default settings. Click Finish. |
| 10.8 | The legend is added to the map. Drag it and place it at a suitable place at the right (compare to image below). If you’re not satisfied with the appearance of the legend, you can easily edit each legend item by clicking on it. You can also delete the legend and run the wizard again from the beginning.
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| 11 | Adding and Editing Barangay Names in the Map |
| 11.1 | In the table of contents, right-click on the Barangays layer and choose Label Features. If you have the “correct” settings, the barangay names are added to the map and placed on their default positions. If not, don’t hesitate. We’ll take care of this very soon. |
| 11.2 | Open the Properties window for the layer Barangays layer. (Right-click on the layer in the table of content and choose Properties.) Select the Labels tab, see image below. |
| 11.3 | Make sure that the Label features in this layer box is selected. From the drop-down menu to the Label Field, select NAME (which is the column that contains barangay names). You might also want to change the text size to 11. Click Apply, then OK. |
| 11.4 | ArcMap places the labels automatically. You might have to improve the positions of the labels if they are overlapping each other or important features in the map. (As for example the Poblacion1-5 barangays). To be able to place labels manually, switch to the Data View (View > Data View)(refer to step 1.4 above if you forgot how). Right-click anywhere in the map and select Convert labels to annotations. A window with the same name appears, see image below. |
| 11.5 | Set the following In the Convert labels to annotations window (also see image above). Select In the map. Select All features. Make sure that you have the Barangay boundaries layer. (If not, you need to exit the window and make sure that only this layer is set to label features.) Select Convert unplaced labels to unplaced annotations. Click Convert. |
| 11.6 | You might have to perform the drag and drop procedures in the Data view. Use the Select Elements tool () Adjust the annotations (the Barangay names) that need a better position by selecting, dragging and dropping them. You can also edit the font and size (and divide a name into two rows) separately by double-clicking on each annotation for the Properties window. Switch to the Layout view (  ) now and then to verify how it turns out. |
| 12 | Inserting an Index Map |
| 12.1 | Go the menu bar. Select Insert > Data Frame. A new data frame will appear on the map. |
| 12.2 | Drag the new data frame to the index map box in the template. Resize it so that it fits in the box. |
| 12.3 | In the table of content, rename this new data frame to ‘Index Map’. (You could also remain the existing data frame to ‘Base Map Lerual’.) To do this, right-click on the data frame, choose Properties and the General tab and type the new name. |
| 12.4 | Click on to add the following layers to the Index Map data frame: Adj_municipalities Lake Municipal_bndry They are all found in this folder: CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\00_BI)\. |
| 12.5 | Assign suitable color by opening the Symbology Selector window. (Refer to step 3.1-6 if you forgot how). The Lake layer ought to be assigned a lake-blue color. Assign a light grey color to the Municipal_polygon layer. This is done to highlight Lerual municipality in the index map for the sake of easier orientation for the map user. |
| 13 | Adding a Grid to the Map |
| 13.1 | Open the Data Frame Properties window for the Base Map Lerual data frame. (Refer to step 5.2 if you don’t remember how to do this.) Go to the Grids tab. Click New Grid… The Grids and Graticules wizard opens. |
| 13.2 | Select Graticule: divides map by meridians and parallels. Click Next. |
| 13.3 | This is the Create a graticule step: Select Tick marks and labels. Enter the intervals 0°2’0” for both latitude and longitude. Click Next. |
| 13.4 | No changes are necessary in Axes and Labels step. Click Next. |
| 13.5 | Create a graticule. Select Place a simple border at edge of graticule and Store as fixed grid that updates with changes to the data frame. Click Finish. |
| 13.6 | Back in the Data frame Properties window, click Apply, then OK. |
| 14 | Finalizing the Map Design and Composition |
| 14.1 | The last step will be to arrange all the elements so that you are satisfied with the result. (For example, enlarge the scale text, delete or changed default text in the text boxes at bottom-right of the template. At the end your design and styling of the map it could look like this:
|
| If you have a map similar to the one above you have completed the exercise. Congratulations! |
7.05 Socio-economic Sector Tutorial
Disclaimer
| |
Introduction
| |
| 1 | Getting started |
| 1.1 | Open ArcMap, select a new empty map. You will now save the map file. Click on File>Save as… in the menu bar. Browse to the folder C:\CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\ and type ‘Educational_v1.mxd’. Click Save/OK. |
| 1.2 | Add the files………. . Click on the add data button and browse to C:\CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\00_BI and select the files. Barangay_bndry Lakes Municipal_bndry Roads Rivers Click OK. Click on the add data button SE19_SchTp2007
|
| 2 | Joining the tables |
We are now going to join the table containing the schools (SE19) with the table containing the physical condition of the schools (SE20). Both these tables have one column in common and that is the SCH_ID column. We are joining these two tables based on this. | |
| 2.1 | In the layer menu right click on the school layer, select Joins and Relates>Join… In the field “What do you want to join to this layer?”, mark Join attributes from a table |
| 2.2 | In the field “Choose the field in this layer that the join will be based on”, mark SCH_ID |
| 2.3 | In the field “Choose the table to join to this layer, or load the table from disk”, mark SchCapYr1 |
| 2.4 | In the field “Choose the field in the table to base the join on:”, mark SCH_ID |
| 2.5 | Press the Ok button |
| 2.6 | Open up the attribute table of the school layer to see if the two tables have joined correctly. If they have done this, your attribute table should look like the one below.
|
| 3 | Making selection by attributes |
| In this example we are analyzing the following aspects of the educational sector: Schools in fair, poor or critical condition. | |
| The schools physical condition Since none of the schools in the area are in critical condition, we only have to make two layers. One that contains schools in fair physical condition, and a second layer that contains schools in poor physical condition. To do this you have to do the following query. | |
| 3.1 | Open the selection menu >selection by attribute |
| 3.2 | The layer that we are making our selection from is the school layer. In the operator window type "SchCapYr1.SCH_CON" = 'Poor' |
| 3.3 | Press the Apply button |
| 3.4 | In the layer menu right click on the school layer, then > Selection >Create Layer From Selected Features. |
| 3.5 | Rename the newly created layer Schools in poor physical condition. The symbol for the new layer should be a yellow square |
| 3.6 | Repeat step 1-5 but change the operator window to "SchCapYr1.SCH_CON" = 'fair' in number 2. The symbol for schools in fair physical condition should be a green square
When you have created the two new layers your screen should look like the one below.
|
| 4 | Buffering |
| In this example we assume that the catchments areas of the schools are 1000 meters and therefore we create a circular buffer around the schools with a radius of 1000 meters. | |
| 4.1 | Open the Buffer Wizard >The features of a layer. |
| 4.2 | The selected layer is SE19_SchTp2007 |
| 4.3 | Press the next button.
|
| 4.4 | Set the distance units to Meters. |
| 4.5 | Set the distance to 1000 meters in the bullet “At a specified distance |
| 4.6 | Press the next button |
| 4.7 | In the “buffer output type” mark yes to the question “Dissolve barriers between”. |
| 4.8 | In the bullet “specify output shapefile or feature class” as C:\ CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\01_SE _1000meter_buffer_of _schools |
| 4.9 | Press the Finish button
|
| 5 | Presentation |
| The final step is to present the results of the analysis. The final products should be effectively communicating the findings to your audience. In most cases, the results of the GIS analysis can best be shown on a map. Charts and reports of selected data are two other ways of presenting the results. Charts and reports can be printed separately, be embedded in the CLUP narrative text or be placed on a map. The education analysis layers will be put on top of the Base Map. As recommended in Volume two, it is be overlaid with the population density map to show distribution of schools with respect to the number of people residing within an area: |
7.06 Infrastructure Sector Tutorial
Disclaimer: The objective of this tutorial is to get familiar with the GIS software. The tutorial only covers some parts that are being done in a real analysis. The results that are being displayed in the tutorial can’t be compared with the results a real analysis would generate.
Introduction
The objectives of this exercise are to get more familiar to some basic ArcGIS operations. We will create shapefiles, work with attribute data in Excel, digitize features to a new shapefile and join attributes to a shapefile.
The scenario of this exercise is that we will prepare an analysis based on road data to identify the bottlenecks of a road leading from the transport corridor at the municipal boundary where a major new settlement is located to the poblacion at the lake.
It should be noted that the procedure (digitizing an already digitized feature) in the tutorial is very unlikely to be used in real GIS applications. Rather, the existing road layer would be broken down in segments constituting a network, and the attribute data would be joined to the original, but modified, dataset. Constructing networks in ArcGIS is however an advanced task and a precondition is that the software is expanded to include network extension applications.
| 1 | Getting started |
| 1.1 | Open ArcMap. Select A new empty map. |
| 1.2 | Add the following layers to the workspace: Barangays_bndry Roads The first file is found in C:\CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\00_BI\ and the two other files are all found in the \02_IS\ folder. |
| 1.3 | Assign proper symbology to the layers and rename them in the list of content. Since we will digitize the road layers, assign a line symbol with a rather large width (e.g. 3,0). See image below. To start changing the symbology, either double-click on the layer symbol in the table of content or open the Layer Properties window and select the Symbology tab.
|
| 1.4 | In the menu bar click File > Save As… to save a map document as road_analysis_v1 in C:\CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\. Don’t forget to save your progress now and then throughout the exercise. |
| 2 | Creating a shapefile |
| 2.1 | Open ArcCatalog (click on in the ArcMap tool bar). |
| 2.2 | In the catalog tree, navigate to the C:\CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\02_IS\ folder. In the menu bar click File > New > Shapefile… The Create New Shapefile window appears. |
| 2.3 | Type the Name ‘RdAnalysis’ and select Polyline as Feature Type. See image below.
|
| 2.4 | Assign the same coordinate system as the RdMun layer. First click Edit… to open the Spatial Reference Properties window. Click Import, browse for the RdMun layer and click OK. See image below.
|
| 2.5 | Click OK in the Spatial Reference Properties window. Click OK in the Create New Shapefile window. The new shapefile is created. |
| 3 | Digitizing |
We will use GIS to show road segments that are in a critical or poor condition or have an inadequate width compare to road classification standards. The road will be digitized in segments where the nodes are defined at barangay crossings (so that the analysis can be used for comparisons between the barangays) and intersections with other roads (so network analyses can be made). In step 1.2 we added those files with road features and barangay boundaries to the workspace and we can thus proceed. | |
| 3.1 | Go back to the ArcMap window. (If you have closed it, you can start it again by clicking on  in the ArcCatalog toolbar. If this is the case you also have to open the map document road_analysis_v1.mxd.) |
| 3.2 | Now it is time to add the shapefile we prepared for the analysis of the road condition. Click on and browse for RdAnalysis.shp. Click Add.
|
| 3.3 | If it’s not already visible, you need to open the Editor toolbar. In the menu bar click Tools > Editor. The Editor toolbar appears. Drag and drop it to a suitable place in the workspace (e.g. within the toolbar). |
| 3.4 | In the Editor toolbar, click Editor > Start editing. See image below.
|
| 3.5 | Make sure that the settings are set to Create New Features and that the target layer is RdAnalysis. Click ??? |
| 3.6 | Set the snapping properties so that your digitizing effort will snap to vertices, along the line and the endpoints of both the RDAnalys_V1 and Roads layers and the edge of Barangay layer. In the editor menu, click Editor > Snapping… The Snapping Options appears between the table of content and your map (see image below). Select (check the corresponding box) according to what is mentioned above. You can now close the Snapping Options.
|
| 3.7 | Zoom in to segment 1 to a scale about 1:15000 or use the scale selector and the pan tool. (Now it will be easier to digitize.) |
| 3.8 | Refer to the image below. Start (click once) at the barangay boundary and follow the road and click again after a small section. Continue to click once at points along the road. End at the crossing of the road leading south by double-clicking to finalize the road segment. The result is shown in the second image below:
|
| 3.9 | Assign another symbology to the RdAnalysis layer, so that your digital effort is clearly seen in the map. Choose for example a red and wide line symbol.
|
| 3.10 | Repeat step 3.8 on the other segments. Follow the order given in the sketch image just before step 3.7 above. When you’re done with this, your map should look something like this.
|
| 3.11 | Click Editor > Stop Editing. |
| 4 | Assigning Road Segment ID to Conform with Attributes in the dBase File |
| 4.1 | Don’t close the editor. Open the attribute table by right-clicking on RdAnalysis in the list of content and selecting Open Attribute Table. The Attributes of RdAnalysis window appears. See image below. If you have followed the sketch above you should have ten segments in the table, each with its unique FID number. There is also another Id column that has zeros at the moment but needs to be identified in order to connect it with the attributes in the Excel/dBase tables.
|
| 4.2 | So what ID should we give the segments? Well, there could be different alternatives. Here, we need to use the IDs that are found in the dBase file. decide to use the PSDG number of the barangay where the road segment is situated to give it its unique ID number. To facilitate we insert a name label for the barangays. In the table of content, right-click on the barangay boundary layer and select Properties. |
| 4.3 | The Layer Properties window appears (see image below). Go to the Labels tab. Select Label features in this layer. From the list menu to Label field select NAME. Click OK.
|
| 4.4 | Make sure that you are still in editing mode. (If not choose Editor > Start Editing from the editor toolbar.) Return to or open the attribute table (refer to step 4.1 if needed). |
| 4.5 | Place the cursor in the first row in the Id column in the Attributes of RdAnalysis table window. Click once and type 1401 for FID0. (Since As-is barangay ID is 14 and this constitutes the first road segment in barangay.) |
| 4.6 | Providing that you digitized the same segments in the same order as in the sketch above, repeat step 4.5 on the other rows and assign Id according to the table/image below:.
|
| 4.7 | Click Editor > Save Editing. |
| 4.8 | Also make sure to save the map document road_analysis_v1 by either clicking on  in the toolbar or selecting File > Save in the menu bar. |
| 5 | Converting the Attribute Excel File to dBase Format |
We will now work on the dBase Table with additional attribute data of the road. (This data has been captured on ground within a field survey and entered into an excel file.) When working with Excel, it is always recommended that ArcMap is closed (and vice versa). This is due to avoid accessing the same files from the two programs, which can lead to quite some problems. If you have a printed sketch map with the segments, also add the new Id numbers onto this map. | |
| 5.1 | Close ArcMap. Open Excel. |
| 5.2 | Open the file IS01_RdTp2007.xls found in C:\CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\02_IS\. (See image below where, for example, the road segment with ID 101 is municipal road, has a gravel surface and is in a poor condition.
|
| 5.3 | Select (highlight) the cells that will be found in the dBase file. (Place the cursor in cell B2 and drag it to cell H12.) From the excel menu bar, select Edit > Copy. |
| 5.4 | Open a new file. (Go to File > New then select New empty document.) Place the cursor in cell A1 and select Edit > Paste. See image below.
|
| 5.5 | The head column must be in one line in dBase format. Select the cells constituting the column head (A1:G1). From the menu bar select Format > Column > AutoFit Selection. |
| 5.6 | Only one sheet is allowed in dBase. Remove Sheet 2 by right-clicking on the Sheet2 tab and selecting Delete. (See image below.) Repeat this procedure on Sheet 3:
|
| 5.7 | Select only the cells with data (A1:G9). Select File > Save as… |
| 5.8 | In the Save As window, browse for the folder C:\CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\02_IS\ and type the File name IS01_RdTp2007.dbf. From the Save as type menu list, select the DBF 4 (dBASE IV) (*dbf) option. Click Save. |
| 5.9 | Now a couple of alerts will appear one after each other. Simply click OK to the alert as below:
|
| 5.10 | Click Yes to the alert below:
|
| 5.11 | Click the exit button (1) and Yes (2) below.
|
| 5.12 | Click OK again
|
| 5.13 | Finally, click Yes.
|
| 5.14 | Close Excel. |
It’s always recommended to have Excel closed when you work with ArcGIS. | |
| 6 | Joining the dBase File to the Shapefile |
| 6.1 | Open ArcMap and the map document road_analysis_v1. |
| 6.2 | In the table of content, right-click on RdAnalysis and select Joins and Relates > Join… (see image below).
|
| 6.3 | The Join Data window appears. (See image below.) You should have the following settings: 1.’ Id’ was the column head where you inserted the unique Ids for the road segments 2. ‘IS01_RdYr’ is the name of the dBase table you have prepared that contains the attribute information of the road segments. 3. RD_ID is the name of the column where the unique ID have been inserted 4. Click OK.
|
| 7 | Viewing the Result of the Analysis |
| 7.1 | Open the attribute table for the RdAnalysis layer. As you can see, the columns from the dBase table have been intergrated. |
| 7.2 | To make the table easier to read we need to hide some columns and give proper alias. Open the Layer Properties window and go to the Fields tab. |
| 7.3 | Place the cursor on the first row (RDAnalysis.FID). This is ArcGIS’s column with little information value for us. Therefore, unselect the Visible box. (See image below.)
|
| 7.4 | Repeat step 7.3 for the consecutive fields. If a field is selected visible, you should assign a more understandable Alias. Set the following fields to be visible and assign the respective alias: IS01_Rd_ - ‘Road Segment ID’ ISO1_Rd_ - ‘Road Classification’ Etc… |
You have completed the exercise! Well done.You can now think of different ways to present the analysis. Test the “interactive presentation” by using the Identify tool on the Rd_analysis layer. Since you’ve set the fields display properties above and thus reduced redundant and unnecessary information, the result will be fairly easy to interpret for a “normal” computer user. |
7.07 Environment Sector Tutorial
7.07.01 Flooding Tutorial
| Disclaimer
The objective of this tutorial is to get familiar with the GIS software. The tutorial only covers some parts that are being done In a real analysis. The results that are being displayed in the tutorial can’t be compared with the results a real analysis would generate.
Introduction All map layers are presumed to have been digitized, projected and georeferenced before proceeding to this tutorial.
| |
| 1 | Getting started |
| 1.1 | Open ArcMap, select a new empty map. You will now save the map file. Click on File>Save as… in the menu bar. Browse to the folder C:\ CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\06_Workfolder\ and type ‘Flooding_v1.mxd’. Click Save/OK. |
| 1.2 | Add the files……….. to ArcMap. . Click on the add data button and browse to C:\ CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\00_BM and select the file.
barangays_bndry Lake municipal_bndry Rivers Roads Click OK. Click on the add data button EN03_Fld Click OK. (See image below.)
|
| 2 | Making selection by attributes
|
| 2.1 | Open the selection menu >selection by attribute |
| 2.2 | The layer that we are making our selection from is EN03_Fld In the operator window type "FLD_TP" = 'Moderate flooding'.
|
| 2.3 | Press the Apply button |
| 2.4 | In the method column. Change to “Add to current selection”. |
| 2.5 | Change the operator window to " FLD_TP " = 'Severe flooding' |
| 2.6 | Press the Apply button |
| 2.7 | Change the operator window to "FLD_TP" = 'waterlogged' |
| 2.8 | Press the Apply button. |
| 3 | Create a new layer for the selected features |
| 3.1 | In the layer menu right click on the floodinghazard layer, then > Selection >Create Layer From Selected Features. |
| 3.2 | Rename the newly created layer floodinghazard selection
|
| 3.3 | Remove the EN03_fld layer |
| 4 | Save the floodinghazardselection layer as a shapefile
|
| 4.1 | In the layer menu right click on the floodinghazardselection layer,then > Data> Export Data.
|
| 4.2 | Chose “All features” in the Export field |
| 4.3 | Mark the “Use the same Coordinate system as this layer’s source data” bullet. |
| 4.4 | In the row “specify output shapefile or feature class” save as C:\ CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\03_EN \floodinghazardselection
|
| 4.5 | In the “Save as type”, chose shapefile |
| 4.6 | Press the save button |
| 4.7 | Press the Ok button |
| 4.8 | You will be given a question if you want to add the exported data to the map as a layer. Press No.
The shapefile that you just created containing the unsuitable flooding areas are going to be used when you create the geohazards layer. |
7.07.02 Erosion Tutorial
Disclaimer
Introduction
|
1 Getting started
| 1.1 | Open ArcMap, select a new empty map. You will now save the map file. Click on File>Save as… in the menu bar. Browse to the folder C:\ CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\06_Workfolder \ and type ‘Erosion_v1.mxd’. Click Save/OK. |
| 1.2 | Click on the add data button and browse to C:\CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\00_BM and select the files:
barangays_bndry Lake municipal_bndry Rivers Roads Click OK. Click on the add data button EN04_Erosn Click OK. (See image below.)
|
2 Making selection by attributes
In this example we assume that areas that are affected by moderate and severe erosion are not suitable for future urban development.
We have to make a new layer that contains the areas with no moderate and severe erosion.
The erosion hazard layer contains “no apparent erosion, slight erosion, moderate erosion and severe erosion”. We will have to make a new layer that contains moderate and severe erosion
| 2.1 | Open the selection menu >selection by attribute |
| 2.2 | The layer that we are making our selection from is EN04_Erosn. In the operator window type "EROSN_TP" = 'Moderate erosion”. |
| 2.3 | Press the Apply button. |
| 2.4 | In the method column. Change to “Add to current selection”. Change the operator window to “EROSN_TP" = 'Severe erosion'
|
| 2.5 | Press the Apply button. |
3 Create a new layer for the selected features
| 3.1 | In the layer menu right click on the erosionhazard layer, then> Selection >Create Layer From Selected Features. |
| 3.2 | Rename the newly created layer erosion hazard selection |
| 3.3 | Remove the EN04_Erosn layer |
4 Save the erosionhazardselection layer as a shapefile
To be able to use the layer containing the selected types of floodinghazards in another template, you have to save the layer as a shapefile.
| 4.1 | In the layer menu right click on the erosionhazardselection layer,then > Data> Export Data. |
| 4.2 | Chose “All features” in the Export field |
| 4.3 | Mark the “Use the same Coordinate system as this layer’s source data” bullet |
| 4.4 | In the row “specify output shapefile or feature class” save as C:\ \CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\03_EN\erosionhazardselection
In the “Save as type”, chose shapefile |
| 4.5 | Press the save button |
| 4.6 | Press the Ok button |
| 4.7 | You will be given a question if you want to add the exported data to the map as a layer. Press [/b]No
|
7.07.03 Faultlines
- Disclaimer
The objective of this tutorial is to get familiar with the GIS software. The tutorial only covers some parts that are being done In a real analysis. The results that are being displayed in the tutorial can’t be compared with the results a real analysis would generate.
Introduction
The Output map of this tutorial is a map showing all the faultlines with a 250 meter buffer zone. The area within this buffer zone is considered not suitable for future urban development. This layer will be useful when you are making your hazards analysis later on.
All map layers are presumed to have been digitized, projected and georeferenced before proceeding to this tutorial.
1 Getting started
| 1.1 | Open ArcMap, select a new empty map. You will now save the map file. Click on File>Save as… in the menu bar. Browse to the folder C:\CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\06_Workfolder and type ‘Educational_v1.mxd’. Click Save/OK. |
| 1.2 | Click on the add data button  and browse to C:\ CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\00_BM and select the file.
barangays_bndry Lake municipal_bndry Rivers Roads Click OK. Click on the add data button EN05_Fault Click OK. (See image below.) |
2 Where to find the Buffer Wizard
| 2.1 | In the menu bar click Tools> Customize> Commands >Tools |
| 2.2 | Click and drag on the Buffer Wizard icon. Drop it in the Tool bar |
3 Buffering
The layer that contains the fault lines has already been digitized and georeferenced. The only thing left to do is to make a 250 meter buffer surrounding the fault lines.
| 3.1 | Open the Buffer Wizard >The features of a layer. |
| 3.2 | The selected layer is Faultlines |
| 3.3 | Press the next button. |
| 3.4 | Set the distance units to meters |
| 3.5 | Set the distance to 250 meters in the bullet “At a specified distance” |
| 3.6 | Press the next button. |
| 3.7 | In the “buffer output type” mark yes to the question “Dissolve barriers between”. |
| 3.8 | In the bullet “specify output shapefile or feature class” as C:\CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\03_EN\ 250m_Buffer_of_EN05_Fault |
| 3.9 | Press the Finish button |
The layer that you just created containing the 250 meter buffer of the faultlines is going to be used when you make the geohazards layer.
7.07.04 Hazard Tutorial
- Disclaimer
The objective of this tutorial is to get familiar with the GIS software. The tutorial only covers some parts that are being done In a real analysis. The results that are being displayed in the tutorial can’t be compared with the results a real analysis would generate.
Introduction
The Output map of this tutorial is a map showing the geohazards presented in one layer. This layer will be useful when you are making your risk and suitability analysis later on.
The geohazards in this tutorial contains flooding, erosion and the 250 buffer of the faultlines which layers you created in the previous tutorials.
All map layers are presumed to have been digitized, projected and georeferenced before proceeding to this tutorial
Getting started
| 1.1 | Open ArcMap, select a new empty map. You will now save the map file. Click on File>Save as… in the menu bar. Browse to the folder C:\HLURB\CLUP\01_CLUPGIS (Laurel)\06_Workfolder\ and type ‘hazard_v1.mxd’. Click Save/OK. |
| 1.2 | Add the files……….. to ArcMap. . Click on the add data button and browse to C:\ CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\00_BM and select the file.
barangays_bndry Lake municipal_bndry Rivers Roads Click OK. Click on the add data button 250m_Buffer_of_EN05_Fault erosionhazardselection floodinghazardselection Click OK. (See image below.) |
2 Combing the layers that contain the erosion, flooding and the fault line buffer, to create a single hazard shapefile.
| 2.1 | Open up the ArcToolbox window  , then Analysis tools >Overlay >Union. |
| 2.2 | Double click on Union and a window like the one below should pop up. |
| 2.3 | In output features select the layers “Buffer_of_ 250 meters of the faultline”, “erosionhazard selection” and “flooding hazard selection”. |
| 2.4 | In the field Output Feature Class, name the output file hazards_total. |
| 2.5 | Note: If your license only permits combining two layers at a time. You have top repeat step 2.1-2.3 and combine the result from the first operation with the third layer in order to make the layer containing all the hazards. |
The shapefile that you just created, containing the flooding, erosion and the fault lines, will be used in the risk and suitability tutorial.
7.09 How to Create the Needs Analysis Layer
Disclaimer
The objective of this tutorial is to get familiar with the GIS software. The tutorial only covers some parts that are being done in a real analysis. The results that are being displayed in the tutorial can’t be compared with the results a real analysis would generate.
Introduction
In this exercise you are going to prepare a Needs Analysis Map which will look like this.
In Chapter 5, there are five attribute tables that can be used for the Needs Analysis:
NA01 Needs Analysis: Socio Services by Barangay;
NA02 Needs Analysis: Eco Services by Barangay;
NA03 Needs Analysis: Infrastructure provision by Barangay;
NA04 Needs Analysis: Socio Condition by Facility;
NA05 Needs Analysis: Infrastructure Condition by Utility
In this tutorial we are going to use NA01, however the same approach can be applied for the other tables.
The Metadata instructions for NA01 Table looks like this:
| 1 | Getting Started – Controlling the Attribute File |
| 1.1 | Start Excel. |
| 1.2 | Open the file NA01_2008.dbf in the folder C:\ \CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\05_NA.
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‘No’ indicates a ‘problem’ as explained in the Instructions sheet of the metadata for NA01 table. For example ‘No’ under Column ‘B_SCH’ for Barangay Payaad (yellow cell in the table above) will be found on the map as ‘Barangay with unacceptable net enrolment ratio in primary education’. |
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| 1.3 | If you have made any changes in the file, observe that the file is saved as a dbf file. |
| 1.4 | Exit Excel |
| 2 | Getting Started in ArcMap |
| 2.1 | Open ArcMap, select a new empty map. You will now save the map file. Click on File>Save as… in the menu bar. Browse to the folder C:\\CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\06_Workfolder and type ‘Needsanalysis_v1.mxd’. Click Save/OK. |
| 2.2 | Click on the add data button and browse to C:\ \CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\00_BM and select the files: barangays_bndry Lake municipal_bndry Rivers Roads Click OK. Click on the add data button and browse to C:\ \CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\05_NA and select the file: NA01_2008.dbf Click OK. |
| 3 | Joining the Attribute Table with the Barangay |
| 3.1 | In the table of content, right-click on the barangay, select Joins and Relates > Join… (see image below). |
| 3.2 | The Join Data window appears. In the first (un-numbered) list menu select Join attributes from a table. For the other list menus (number 1 to 3) select the following: 1: NAME 2: NA01 3: B_NM (Also refer to the image below.) Click OK.  |
| 4 | Improving (Cleaning) the Joined Table |
There are many columns in the attribute table and it is hard to interpret it. Several columns are of no interest for the socioeconomic analysis and some that are of interest are hard to understand. Therefore we will make the not needed columns invisible and add better alias for the columns of interest. Then, both the table itself and the map legend will be easier to understand. |
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| 4.1 | Rename the Barangay layer to ‘Socio Services by Barangay’. (Go to the table of content, right-click and select Properties to open the Layer Properties window. Go to the General tab to rename the layer. Don’t close this window yet! |
| 4.2 | Open the attribute table. (Right-click on the layer in the table of content and select Open Attribute Table.) When the table appears note all the strangely named columns and the amount columns making it more difficult to interpet the table. |
| 4.3 | Go back to the Layer Properties window. Select the Fields tab. (Field indicates a table column.) |
| 4.4 | You will now choose which fields will be visible and assign a proper alias to them. Simply select the checkbox before the field name and type the alias in the Alias column. The following fields should be selected and assigned alias: barangays_bndry.Name – ‘Barangay Name’ |
| 4.5 | To make an alias type in the box for alias and to make a column invisible there should be no tic in the box for visible below. The result after the cleaning will look like this: |
| 4.6 | For better contrast, set the outline color of the Barangay Layer to white by double clicking on the layer symbol of the Table of Contents. |
| 5 | Making selection by attributes |
In order to display the different Needs for each barangay, we have to single out the sub sector needs of each barangay and create a new layer so that it can be displayed together with the other needs. |
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| 5.1 | Open the selection menu >selection by attribute |
| 5.2 | The layer that we are making our selection from is ‘Socio Services by Barangay’. In the operator window type "NA01.B_ADM_" = 'No' Press the Apply button.
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| 5.3 | In the list of contents right click on the layer, then > Selection >Create Layer From Selected Features. |
| 5.4 | We name the new layer “Barangay with no Barangay Hall/Office’ and change the symbology. Though the symbology would be dependent on how many criterias are to be evaluated, the idea for this example is to combine symbology that would not completely cover a previous layer. For this example, we use a single fill color.  |
| 5.5 | Do the same with the other examples applying these symbology: Making the symbology for the layer Barangay with unacceptable proportion of households with income less than poverty threshold can be at bit tricky. The easiest way to give the layer appropriate symbology is to click on the symbol in the list of contents. The Symbol Selector window will open. Click More symbols and select Forestry. To the left, search and select the T23 Pipeline 2 symbol. Choose width 9,00. Click OK |
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| 6 | Presentation |
The Layout format of this IP that can be used in a display or be inserted in a report will look like this. In order to prepare this and make a print out you need brush up your knowledge about the Layout View.
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7.10 Risk and Suitability Analysis Tutorial
Disclaimer
The objective of this tutorial is to get familiar to the GIS software. The tutorial only covers some parts that are being done In a real analysis. The results that are being displayed in the tutorial can’t be compared with the results a real analysis would generate.
Introduction
The Output map of this tutorial is a map showing the Suitable Areas for Future Urban Development shown below.All map layers are presumed to have been digitized, projected and georeferenced before proceeding to this R&S tutorial.
1 Getting started
| 1.1 | Open ArcMap, select a new empty map. You will now save the map file. Click on File>Save as… in the menu bar. Browse to the folder C:\ \CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\06_Workfolder and type ‘risk_and_suitability_v1.mxd’. Click Save/OK |
| 1.2 | Click on the add data button and browse to C:\ \CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\00_BM and select the files: barangays_bndry Lake municipal_bndry Rivers Roads Click OK. Click on the add data button and browse to C:\ \CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\03_EN and select the file: Hazards_total Click OK. Click on the add data button and browse to C:\ \CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\04_LM and select the files: LM04_Cl (land classification) LM07_Safdz Click OK. (See image below.) |
2 Categorizing the land classification layer
| 2.1 | The land classification layer has to be categorized. |
| 2.2 | In the table of contents, double click on the LM04_Cl > Symbology >Categories. |
| 2.3 | Choose “Unique values” |
| 2.4 | In the “Value Field” chose “CL_TP” |
| 2.5 | Press the “Add all values” button |
| 2.6 | Press the Apply button |
| 2.7 | Press the Ok button |
3 Making the Alienable and Disposable layer
We are interested in the areas that are alienable and disposable. Making the layer that contains this information. The following steps have to be conducted.
| 3.1 | Open the selection menu >selection by attribute |
| 3.2 | The layer that we are making our selection from is the landclass layer. In the operator window type "CL_TP" = 'Alienable & Disposable' |
| 3.3 | Press the Apply button |
| 3.4 | In the layer menu right click on the LM04_Cl, then> Selection >Create Layer From Selected Features |
| 3.5 | Rename the newly created layer alienable and disposable |
4 Saving the alienable and disposable layer that you have created as a layer file
| 4.1 | In the layer menu, right click on the layer alienable and disposable>Save As Layer File |
| 4.2 | Name the layer alienableanddisposable.lyr |
| 4.3 | Press the Save button |
5 The Slope layer
In this tutorial we have access to the land classification layer. Assessments’ regarding the slope has already been considered within the classification procedure for the alienable and disposable land. Therefore we don’t have to add the slope layer to the analysis. However if you don’t have access to the land classification layer, the slope layer is a crucial part of the risk and suitability analysis.
6 The Air- and Water pollution layer
We have not included the air- and water pollution layer in this tutorial. However it’s not recommended to neglect these hazards when you are doing a risk and suitability analysis in real life. See chapter4.08.07 for more information.
7 Ancestral domain
We have not included the ancestral domain areas in this tutorial. However this is also a factor you have to consider when you are doing a risk and suitability analysis in real life. For further information regarding Ancestral domain, see chapter 4.09.05
8 SAFDZ layer
| 8.1 | Open up the SAFDZ layer. The layer contains Agro-Forestry Zone, Agusan River, Built-up areas, Crop Development zone, Fishery development zone, Remaining NPAAAD and Watershed/Forestry zone.
The only one that is fully protected and therefore not suitable for future development is the “Remaining NPAAAD”. The next step is to create a layer that only contains the “Remaining NPAAAD”. |
| 8.2 | Open the selection menu >selection by attribute |
| 8.3 | The layer that we are making our selection from is the landclass layer. In the operator window type "SAFDZ_TP" = '8 - Remaining NPAAAD' |
| 8.4 | Press the Apply button |
| 8.5 | In the layer menu right click on the SAFDZ layer, then > Selection >Create Layer From Selected Features |
| 8.6 | Rename the newly created layer Remaining NPAAAD |
9 Unite all the layers that are unsuitable for future development
The next step is to union all the layers that are unsuitable for future development in to one layer. The reason why we do this is that the final step will be to union this layer with the A&D layer and then delete those areas of the A&D layer that are unsuitable.
| 9.1 | Open up the ArcToolbox window  , then Analysis tools >Overlay >Union. |
| 9.2 | Double click on Union and a window like the one below should pop up. |
| 9.3 | In output features select the layers “hazards_total” and “remaining NPAAAD”. |
| 9.4 | In the field Output Feature Class, name the output file unsuitable areas_total |
10 Adding an extra field in the newly created table
The reason for this is to make it easier later on when you union the layer that contains all the unsuitable areas with the A&D layer and then filter out those A&D areas that are affected by unsuitable areas.
| 10.1 | In the layer menu, right click on the layer unsuitable areas__total, then >Open attribute table |
| 10.2 | Click on options > Add Field |
| 10.3 | Name the field Unsuit. Type=Text and Length=3 |
| 10.4 | Right click on the header of the Unsuit column, then >Calculate Values. |
A window pops up informing that you are about to do a calculate outside of an edit session and asks if you wish to continue. Press yes to continue.
| 10.5 | In the operator window, type the word “yes” |
| 10.6 | Press the Ok button |
11 Unite the alienable and disposable layer with the layer that contains all the unsuitable areas
The next step is to create a layer that contains the A&D areas that is not affected by the unsuitable areas.
| 11.1 | Open up the ArcToolbox window , then Analysis tools >Overlay >Union. |
| 11.2 | Double click on Union and a window like the one below should pop up. |
| 11.3 | In output features select the layers ”unsuitable areas__total” and “Alienable & disposable” |
| 11.4 | In the field Output Feature Class, name the output file unsuitable areas__and_AandD |
12 Select those areas that is alienable and disposable and that is not affected by areas that are not suitable for future urban development
When you have made a layer that both contains the unsuitable areas and the A&D areas. You want to select those areas that are A&D and not unsuitable. To do this the following query has to be made:
| 12.1 | Open the selection menu >selection by attribute |
| 12.2 | The layer that we are making our selection from is unsuitable areas__and_AandD. In the operator window type "CL_TP" = 'Alienable & Disposable' AND “unsuit” <> ‘yes’. |
| 12.3 | Press the Apply button |
| 12.4 | As you can see the query is dependent of two criteria’s. The first is that it is Alienable & Disposable. And the second is that the area is not unsuitable. The <> means not. So in plain text the query above says that the selected areas will be A&D and not unsuitable. |
13 Create a new layer for the selected features
| 13.1 | In the layer menu right click on the unsuitable areas_and_AandD layer, then> Selection >Create Layer From Selected Features. |
| 13.2 | Rename the newly created layer Suitable areas for future urban development |
| 13.3 | Now you have made a layer that only contains A&D areas that is not affected by unsuitable areas. When you put this layer on top of the base map layer, your map should look like the one below. |
7.11 Tutorial on How to Apply Recommended Color-Coding to a Draft CLUP
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